Menu
Class 11 Physics chapter wise notes based on Chapter 1, Physical World of 11th Physics NCERT textbook are available here. These notes are as per latest CBSE Class 11 Physics Syllabus 2017-18 and important for CBSE school exams and completive examinations like NEET, JEE Mains etc.
Physics - Meaning
The term derived from Greek word meaning nature. Sanskrit equivalent of the word Physics is Bhautiki that is used to refer to the study of the physical world
In a broader sense Physics is the study of the basic laws of nature and their manifestation.
Physics is all about explaining diverse physical phenomena with the help of few concepts and laws.
Dec 18, 2018 csir net physics, net physics, net physics previous years paper, net physics december 2018 paper, net physics december 2018 paper, csir net physics solved paper, physics net material, free. The purpose of this chapter is to give you some ideas on how to take data correctly', and how to report it clearly. However, every experiment is di erent, so these guidelines can only serve as a broad basis. You will gain experience as you do more experiments, learning rules for yourself as you go along.
Scope and Excitement of Physics
In Physics, there are two domains of interest macroscopic and microscopic.
Macroscopic domain: It includes phenomena at the laboratory, terrestrial and astronomical scales.
Microscopic domain: It includes atomic, molecular and nuclear phenomena.
However, recently a third domain of interest between macroscopic domain and microscopic domain (Mesoscopic) has also come in light. In this domain scientists deals with a few tens or hundreds of atoms, has emerged as an exciting field of research.
Various theories related to macroscopic domain and microscopic domain are further categorised as given below
Classical Physics
It is the study of macroscopic phenomena. It includes subjects like
• Mechanics:
Under mechanics, we study
Newton’s laws of motion
The law of gravitation is concerned with the motion (or equilibrium) of particles, rigid and deformable bodies, and general systems of particles.)
• Electrodynamics:
It deals with electric and magnetic phenomena associated with charged and magnetic bodies.
• Thermodynamics:
It deals with systems in macroscopic equilibrium and is concerned with changes in internal energy, temperature, entropy, etc., of the system through external work and transfer of heat. The efficiency of heat engines and refrigerators etc.
• Optics:
It is the study of phenomenon connected with light and optical instruments like telescope, microscope etc.
Quantum Theory
It is the framework for explaining microscopic phenomena as classical physics can’t explain phenomenon at microscopic level (or smaller dimensions like atoms, nuclei etc.)
Physics, Technology and Society
There are number of examples in the world which shows close relation between physics, technology and society. Such as, the steam engine is inseparable from the Industrial Revolution in England in the 18th century, which had great impact on the course of human civilisation. Wireless communication technology, computers are some other examples.
Some physicists from different countries of the world and their major contributions
Image source: NCERT textbooks
Link between technology and physics
Image source: NCERT textbooks
Fundamental Forces in Nature
Four fundamental forces in nature that govern the diverse phenomena of the macroscopic and the microscopic world are given below
• Gravitational Force
• Electromagnetic Force
• Strong Nuclear Force
• Weak Nuclear Force
Basic Properties of Fundamental Forces in Nature
Name | Relative Strength (& Range) | Operates among |
Gravitational force | 10–39 (Infinite) | All objects in the universe |
Weak nuclear force | 10–13 (Very short, Sub-nuclear size: ∼10–16 m) | Some elementary particles, particularly electron and neutrino |
Electromagnetic force | 10‒2 (Infinite) | Charged particles |
Strong nuclear force | 1 (Short, nuclear size ∼10–15 m) | Nucleons, heavier elementary particles |
Conservation Laws in Physics
The physical quantities that remain unchanged in a process are called conserved quantities.
Some of the general conservation laws in nature include the laws of conservation of energy, mass, linear momentum, angular momentum, charge, parity, etc. Some conservation laws are true for one fundamental force but not for the other.
You will study details of these laws in consecutive chapters.
These conservation laws have a deep connection with symmetries of nature. Symmetries of space and time, and other types of symmetries play a central role in modern theories of fundamental forces in nature.
UGC NET December 2018 Modified Result has been declared. National Testing Agency (NTA) holds the National Eligibility Test (NET) on behalf of University Grants Commission (UGC). UGC NET determines the eligibility of Indian candidates for Assistant Professor or for Junior Research Fellowship & Assistant Professor both. Junior Research Fellowship awardees will be eligible to pursue research in their postgraduate subject from IITs or other national organizations. Such candidates are also eligible for the post of Assistant professor in Indian colleges/Universities. UGC NET exam is conducted two times in a year. UGC NET December 2018 Final Answer Key has been released. Aspirants can read this article further for getting information about UGC NET 2018 including answer key, dates, result etc.
ResultImportant DatesCut-OffFAQsUGC NET December 2018 Notification – Modified Result Declared
UGC NET 2018 Exam Date
UGC NET is held two time in a year through offline mode. Candidates can check official dates of UGC NET 2018 exam from here:
For December Session:
EventsDatesReleasing of official notification31st August 2018Application form release1st September 2018TPCs registration starts10th September 2018Last date to submit application30th September 2018Last to submit fee1st October 2018Application correction8th – 14th October 2018Admit card available19th November 2018Exam date9th – 23rd December 2018Responses & Question paper release26th December 2018 – 1st January 2019Answer key release29th December 2018Last date to submit the answer key1st January 2019Result declaration5th January 2019
For July Session:
EventsDates Issue of Detailed Notification1st February 2018Commencement of online application form6th March 2018Image correction start23rd March 2018Last date to submit the form12th April 2018 (Extended)Last date of fee submission13th April 2018 (Extended)Corrections in particulars of application form25th April to 1st May 2018Admit Card Availability21st June 2018Exam Date8th July 2018Availability of Answer Key24th July 2018Last date to submit objection27th July 2018Declaration of Result4th August 2018UGC NET 2018 Answer Key
After the successful conduct of examination, the UGC NET answer key 2018 has been published. The responses along with question paper has been released. The answer key for December exam has been published on 29th December 2018.
Candidates also have the opportunity to challenge the OMR Sheet/answer key. For challenging each question, the authority charge Rs. 1000/-. If the challenge is accepted, then the fee will be refunded. Candidates can challenge the answer key till 1st January 2019.
UGC NET Result 2018
NTA has announced the UGC NET 2018 result through online mode (link is given above).
Candidates can check their results by entering their roll number and date of birth.
Result for December 2018 session has been declared on 5th January 2019. It does not provided through offline mode.
UGC NET Cut-Off 2018
The minimum marks that a candidate need to be score in UGC NET to be considered for the award of JRF and eligibility for Assistant Professor in paper-I, paper-II is given below:
Category | ||
Paper-I | Paper-II | |
General | 40 marks (40%) | 80 marks (40%) |
OBC-NCL/PwD/SC/ST | 35 marks (35%) | 70 marks (35%) |
Subject-wise and category-wise merit list is drawn for those candidates who meet the cut-off scores. Merit list is prepared using the aggregate scores of candidates in all the two papers. Top 15% candidates are declared qualified for eligibility for Assistant Professor only. Separate merit list for JRF is prepared from amongst 15% UGC NET qualifiers.
UGC NET 2019
UGC NET (UGC National Eligibility Test) is a national level entrance test. This test is managed by the NTA board on behalf of UGC. It is organized for determining the eligibility of Indian nationals for Assistant Professor or Junior Research Fellowship & Assistant Professor Both in Indian Universities and Colleges.
FAQs (Most Asked Questions)
Question: When will be application form released for UGC NET December 2018 examination?
Answer: The application form has been released on 1st September 2018.Question: Who will conduct the UGC NET December 2018 examination?
Answer: National Testing Agency (NTA) will organize the NET December exam.Question: What will be the UGC NET December 2018 exam mode?
Answer: The examination will be conducted via online mode.Question: Why UGC NET?
Answer: UGC NET is the eligibility test for the post of assistant professor in Indian colleges/Universities. It is also the qualifying test for the award of Junior Research Fellowship.Question: Is there any provision of relaxation to the candidates who have research experience?
Answer: Yes, a relaxation of 5 years will be provided to the candidates who have research experience in the relevant subject of their postgraduate degree. LLM degree holders will get 3 years relaxation.Question: Is there any changes possible after submission of application form?
Answer: Corrections will be allowed in some particulars after the submission of application form.Question: Do I need to bring any other documents along with my admit card?
Answer: Yes, you need to bring one Identity proof along with the admit card.Question: Will there be negative marking in UGC NET 2018?
Answer: No.Question: What is the age criteria for taking the UGC NET 2018?
Answer: The maximum age limit is 30 years as on 1st January 2018 for Junior Research Fellowship. No age limit prescribed for the eligibility of assistant professor.Question: How can I pay the application fee?
Answer: You can pay the fee through credit card/debit card or e-challan.Question: What is the educational qualification required for taking the UGC NET?
Answer: Candidate should have at least master’s degree from a recognized institution to be eligible for UGC NET.Question: I've completed my post graduation in public administration can I appear net exam for the subject of political science?
Answer: Yes, you can apply.UGC NET 2018 Application Correction
Candidates are able to make correction in the images as well as in filled data. Correction facility is ongoing. The correction can be done only through online mode. No changes/correction are allowed after the last date.
The application form correction has been started from 8th October 2018. Candidates can done correction till 14th October 2018.
The candidates those have uploaded the photograph without date, time and white background, the same will be accepted by the NTA.
If there is any discrepancy found in the images, a message or mail will be sent to candidate’s registered mobile number and link will be provided to correct the images in their login.
The link for image or signature correction would remain active till 30th October 2018. Correction in these two fields can be made on or before this date only.
Discrepancies related with Photographs and Signature:
In case of these discrepancies in the photograph and in the signature, the application form may rejected.
- Writing name in capital letters instead of signature in running handwriting
- Drawing a line or fancy circle instead of a signature
- Unclear or hazy photograph
- Too dark or colourful background
- Selfies with people or scenery in the background
- Dark sun glasses or fancy glasses hiding face/eyes
- Invisible signature due to poor scanning or very small size
- Incorrect size or dimension e.g. Stamp size photo
- Red-eyes due to improper flash
- Focus not on face
- Looking down or here and there, and not looking straight at the camera
- Horizontal photograph & vertical signature
UGC NET December 2018 Application Form
- Candidates wishing to apply for UGC NET 2018 have to fill the application form online only on the official website of UGC NET (link will be given above).
- The application form for December session has been over.
- No application will be accepted after the last date.
- Aadhaar card is not necessary to apply for UGC NET 2018. Candidates can use any other government approved ID proof.
- The application process consist of four steps viz. fill the application form, upload scanned photograph and signature, pay the examination fee and print confirmation page.
- There is no need to send the printout of confirmation page.
- NTA will also provide the correction facility in UGC NET application form 2018.
Application Fee:
The application fee of UGC NET 2018 varies category-wise. Application fee, once paid, is not refundable or transferable under any circumstances. Fee details are as follows:
Category | Application Fee |
GEN | Rs. 800/- |
OBC-NCL | Rs. 400/- |
SC/ST/PwD/Transgender | Rs. 200/- |
Mode of Payment:
Application fee is payable through credit/ debit card or through e-challan. Candidates submitting the fee through e-challan have to make the payment in cash to Syndicate/Canara/ICICI bank.
Eligibility Criteria
For every examination, there is a specific eligibility criteria that candidates have to fulfill, if they wish to apply for that examination. The conditions of eligibility for UGC NET 2018 is given below:
Qualification Eligibility:
- Qualifying Examination: Master’s or equivalent degree from Universities/Institutions recognized by UGC.
- Subjects: The qualifying examination must be passed in subjects like Humanities (including languages) and Social Science, Computer Science &Applications, Electronic Science etc.
- Minimum Marks: The percentage of marks required in qualifying examination is 55% (50% marks in case of SC/ST/OBC-NCL/PwD categories).
- Appearing Candidates: Candidates appearing for final examinations towards a Master’s degree (or equivalent) are also eligible to apply.
- Relaxation: Relaxation of 5% marks in qualifying examination shall be given to Ph.D degree holders whose master’s level examination had been completed by 19th September 1991.
Age Criteria:
For Junior Research Fellowship:
- Age Limit: The maximum age limit is 30 years as on 1st December 2018.
- Relaxation: 5 years relaxation in the upper age limit will be provided to OBC-NCL, SC, ST, transgender and PwD category candidates. Relaxation will also be given to the candidates having research experience. Candidates possessing LL.M. degree will be eligible for 3 years relaxation in age.
- There is no age limit for applying for Assistant Professor.
For Assistant Professor:
- Age Limit: No prescribed upper age limit for applying for eligibility for Assistant Professor.
Who are Exempted From Appearing UGC NET (For Assistant Professor)?
- Ph.D Degree Holders: Candidates possessing the Ph.D degree in accordance with the University Grants Commission shall be exempted from the requirement of NET/SELT/SET for recruitment of Assistant Professor in Universities/institutions.
- UGC/CSIR JRF Qualified Candidates: The qualified candidates of UGC/CSIR JRF examination are exempted from appearing the NET but the condition is that the examination must be passed prior to 1989.
- States Eligibility Test (SET) Candidates: The qualified candidates of SET (held prior to 1st June 2002) are exempted from appearing in NET. These candidates can apply for the post of Assistant Professor anywhere in India. Those who have cleared the SET (1st june 2002 onwards) are eligible to apply for the post of Assistant Professor only in the Universities/colleges situated in the state of passing the SET.
UGC NET Admit Card 2018
UGC NET 2018 admit card of December session has been uploaded on the website on 19thNovember 2018.
Candidates need to bring the admit card to the test centre in addition to a Photo-Identity Card.
An acceptable Photo Identity Card is any one of Passport, Driving license, College/Institute Identity Card, Aadhaar Card, Pan Card, Voters Id Card, etc.
UGC NET Exam Pattern 2018
Candidates can check the UGC NET 2018 exam pattern which tells about the number of questions, marking scheme, type of questions, duration of the exam and other details related to the exam.
- Papers: The test will consist of two papers.
- Exam Mode: Examination will be conducted in online (CBT) mode.
- Number of Questions: Total 150 questions will be asked in NET which are divided into 2 papers. Paper-I will have 50 questions and Paper-II will have 100 questions. All questions are compulsory to attempt.
- Type of Questions: All the papers will have objective type questions.
- Subjects: The Paper-I consists of General Aptitude Questions and the Paper-II contains questions related to the subject selected by candidates.
- Medium of Paper: Candidate can choose the paper medium either Hindi or English. Choice for paper medium can be exercised at the time of filling the form.
- Exam Duration: Paper-1 will be of 1 hour while Paper-II will be of 2
hours. - Marking Scheme: Each correct answer will carry 2 marks.
- Negative Marking: NTA is not following negative marking scheme in UGC NET.
Click hereto check UGC NET last year question papers.
UGC NET 2018 Syllabus
The syllabus of National Eligibility Test (NET) is different for different subjects. The subjects included in NET is more than 100. Candidates should also prepare from the syllabus of their qualifying examination. Candidates must prepare as per the syllabus prescribed by the NTA.
How to Prepare for UGC NET
UGC NET is one of the competitive examinations that enables post graduate students to qualify for University level teaching jobs and also to seek admissions in PhD level programmes. To achieve good scores in NET, candidates can follow these preparation tips:
- First of all, gather the complete syllabus as prescribed by NTA.
- Candidates can take the reference of previous years question papers to know the exam pattern and important topics.
- Purchase some good books that covers the whole syllabus.
- Prepare the short notes and highlight the important topics.
- Keep yourself updated with current affairs. Candidate should have complete knowledge about their concerned UGC NET Subject.
- Time management is also important. Manage your time effectively for studies and for daily revision.
- Last but not the least, be confident and positive.
Share on social media: